Trends and analysis of risk factor differences in the global burden of chronic kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes from 1990 to 2021: A population‐based study
Authors' conclusion
CKD-T2D imposes a significant global disease burden, with health disparities and unequal disease outcomes continuing to worsen across countries and regions due to differences in socio-economic development levels. This burden is primarily driven by population growth, ageing and metabolic risks such as obesity, hyperglycaemia and hypertension. Although the rate of increase in disease burden may slow over the next 15 years, the number of cases is expected to rise substantially. Therefore, enhancing prevention, early screening and effective treatment interventions, particularly in high-risk areas, is crucial for reducing the disease burden and narrowing health disparities.
Study context
- Population
- Global population, chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to T2D (CKD-T2D), GBD 2021 data, 1990–2021
- Outcome
- Global burden of CKD-T2D
- Follow-up
- 2021
Methodological detailsGBD 2021 analysis, age-period-cohort model, decomposition analysis, population-attributable fractions, projections to 2036, Data from GBD 2021
- GBD 2021 analysis
- Age-period-cohort model
- Decomposition analysis
- Population-attributable fractions
- Projections to 2036
- Data from GBD 2021
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- Total cases
- 107 559 955
- Age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR)
- 1259.63 per 100 000
- Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR)
- 23.07 per 100 000
- Age-standardized death rate (ASDR)
- 5.72 per 100 000
- Age-standardized DALYs
- 131.08 per 100 000
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Trends, drivers and risk factors
- Burden varied across socio-demographic index (SDI) regions
- Prevalence and incidence risks rose over time; age effect increased with age
- Population growth and ageing primary contributors to DALYs (decomposition)
- High FPG and high body mass index (BMI) most significant attributable risk factors
Projections · by 2036
- Trends in ASPR, ASIR, ASDR and age-standardized DALYs to stabilize; ASIR and age-standardized DALYs expected to keep rising; case numbers of prevalence, incidence, mortality and DALYs to keep rising
Original publication
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