Reproductive factors, genetic susceptibility and risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study
Authors' conclusion
Our findings show that multiple reproductive factors are related to T2DM risk, particularly in women with high genetic risk.
Study context
- Population
- Women without prevalent T2D, UK Biobank8,996 T2D cases
- Participants
- 262,368 women
- Exposure
- Reproductive factors vs reference categories
- Outcome
- Incident T2D
- Follow-up
- Mean 12.2 years
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
T2D risk
- Early menarche (<12 years), HR
- 1.08 [1.02;1.13] (95% CI)
- Late menarche (≥15 years), HR
- 1.11 [1.04;1.17]
- Early menopause (<45 years), HR
- 1.20 [1.12;1.29]
- Short reproductive lifespan (<30 years), HR
- 1.25 [1.16;1.35]
- Hysterectomy, HR
- 1.31 [1.23;1.40]
- Oophorectomy, HR
- 1.28 [1.20;1.36]
- High parity (≥4), HR
- 1.25 [1.17;1.34]
- Early age at first live birth (<20 years), HR
- 1.23 [1.16;1.31]
- Miscarriage, HR
- 1.13 [1.07;1.19]
- Stillbirth, HR
- 1.14 [1.03;1.27]
- Ever used hormonal replacement therapy, HR
- 1.19 [1.14;1.24]
- Ever used oral contraceptives (lower risk), HR
- 0.93 [0.89;0.98]
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Joint effect of reproductive factors and genetic risk
- Women with reproductive risk factors and high genetic risk had the highest T2D risk vs those with low genetic risk and no reproductive risk factors
Original publication
Reproductive factors, genetic susceptibility and risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study. Diabetes Metab. Published 29 June 2024. doi:10.
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