Differences in Clinical Manifestations and Islet Autoantibodies by Age in Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes
Authors' conclusion
Adult-onset type 1 diabetes is characterized by a reduced frequency of DKA and by fewer total islet autoantibodies.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals newly diagnosed with T1D, tested for islet autoantibodies within 1 year of diagnosis; adults aged 20–76 years, mean BMI 23.5 ± 4.7 kg/m² at onset
- Participants
- 414 vs 2,000
- Exposure
- Adult-onset vs pediatric-onset T1D
- Adultsn = 414
- Childrenn = 2,000reference
- Outcome
- DKA at presentation
- Follow-up
- Onset
Methodological detailsIslet autoantibodies against GAD, insulin, islet antigen 2 and zinc transporter 8 measured by fluid-phase radiobinding assays, High-resolution HLA class I (n = 655) and II (n = 1,196) typing in a subset
- Islet autoantibodies against GAD, insulin, islet antigen 2 and zinc transporter 8 measured by fluid-phase radiobinding assays
- High-resolution HLA class I (n = 655) and II (n = 1,196) typing in a subset
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
P < 0.001
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
HbA1c at presentation · onset
P < 0.001
Zero or one islet autoantibodies
P < 0.001
High-risk HLA haplotype DR4-DQ8 · no differences in high-risk HLA haplotypes
P = 0.060
High-risk HLA haplotype DR3-DQ2
P = 0.482
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at presentation, adults >40 years (n = 84) · onset
- Adults >40 years presenting with DKA
- 13.1%
Original publication
Differences in Clinical Manifestations and Islet Autoantibodies by Age in Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. Published 2 April 2026. doi:10.
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