The Association Between Ambient Temperature and Hypoglycemia in People Living With Type 1 Diabetes: A Case Time Series Analysis Using Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors' conclusion
Elevated ambient temperature significantly increases the short-term risk of hypoglycemia in adults with T1DM.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with T1D attending two NHS clinics in Sussex, England, 2017–2024, with routine CGM data32,966,282 glucose readings
- Participants
- 679 adults
- Comparison
- Higher vs lower ambient temperature
- Outcome
- Hypoglycemic episodes, defined as ≥15 min of glucose concentration <3.9 mmol/L
Methodological detailsquasi-binomial fixed-effect regression with distributed lag nonlinear models, adjusted for long-term trends, seasonality, day of the week and public holidays
- Quasi-binomial fixed-effect regression with distributed lag nonlinear models
- Adjusted for long-term trends, seasonality, day of the week and public holidays
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Hypoglycemia
OR at 25°C
1.26
95% CI 1.13–1.26
Secondary outcomes
Daily mean glucose concentration
- Higher temperatures associated with lower mean glucose levels
Original publication
The Association Between Ambient Temperature and Hypoglycemia in People Living With Type 1 Diabetes: A Case Time Series Analysis Using Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring. Diabetes Care. Published 31 March 2026. doi:10.
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