Differences in immune cell profiles around the time of islet autoimmunity seroconversion in children with and without type 1 diabetes
Authors' conclusion
These patterns may reflect increased neutrophil activation or pancreatic infiltration, altered CD4 and CD8 T cell balance, and delayed or disrupted immune maturation with the persistence or expansion of naive B and T cells or impaired transition to memory B and T subsets following antigen exposure. Our findings highlight early shifts in innate and adaptive immune cell dynamics during T1D pathogenesis and support methylation-derived immune cell ratios as potential biomarkers for risk stratification and mechanistic insight.
Study context
- Population
- Children in Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) and the Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY); peripheral blood DNA methylation (DNAm) at pre-SV (latest visit before seroconversion (SV)) and SV (first visit with persistent autoantibodies)DAISY n=151 · Children in DAISY 151 · TEDDY 166
- Comparison
- T1D cases vs matched controls
- Outcome
- Change in immune cell ratios from pre-SV to SV
- Follow-up
- Pre-SV to SV
Methodological detailsDNA methylation-derived immune cell-type deconvolution, matched controls
- DNA methylation-derived immune cell-type deconvolution
- Matched controls
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Controls showed expected developmental increases in B-memory/naive, B-CD4T-CD8T memory/naive and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR); cases failed to follow these patterns, with attenuated trajectories (B-memory/naive, B-CD4T-CD8T memory/naive, NLR, respectively)
35%, 38%, and 21%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Immune cell ratios at pre-SV
- Higher NLR in cases
- 15%
- Lower CD4T/CD8T in cases
- 9%
B-CD4T-CD8T memory/naive ratio at SV
- Reduced in cases
- 26%
Original publication
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →