DNA Methylation Smoking Scores and Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes
Authors' conclusion
Our study supports existing literature indicating in utero smoke exposure is associated with reduced IA and T1D risk. Further research is essential to uncover the underlying mechanisms.
Study context
- Population
- Children at high risk of T1D, Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young cohort; 87 T1D cases and 88 T1D controlsmatched case-control
- Participants
- 205 vs 206
- Comparison
- In utero smoke exposure and islet autoimmunity (IA)/T1D risk
- IA casen = 205
- Controln = 206reference
- Outcome
- IA and T1D risk
Methodological detailslongitudinal, matched by age, race/ethnicity and sample availability
- Longitudinal
- Matched by age, race/ethnicity and sample availability
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Association of maternal smoking during pregnancy and DNAm smoking scores with IA and T1D
Odds ratio (95% CI)
Maternal smokingIA; strong inverse association
0.24(0.10–0.54)
- Rauschert and McCartney DNA methylation (DNAm) scores · per SD increase; inverse associations with IA and T1D
- OR 0.65-0.83
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Rauschert and McCartney DNAm smoking scores and IA and T1D
- Consistent inverse associations with both outcomes, OR per SD increase
- 0.65-0.83
Correlation of DNAm score intercepts with cord blood scores
- R (n = 179)
- 0.85-0.95
Original publication
DNA Methylation Smoking Scores and Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. Published 25 July 2025. doi:10.
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