Dietary patterns during pregnancy and maternal and birth outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes: the Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) study
Authors' conclusion
A dietary pattern higher in fresh foods during pregnancy was associated with sizeable reductions in risk of pre-eclampsia and premature birth in women with type 1 diabetes.
Study context
- Population
- Pregnant women with and without T1D followed prospectively in the multicentre ENDIA study; diet assessed in third trimester by validated FFQ
- Participants
- 973 women1,124 pregnancies
- Exposure
- 'Fresh food' and 'processed food' dietary pattern scores in pregnancy; women with vs without T1D
- T1Dn = 615
- Outcome
- Pre-eclampsia and premature birth per Q1→Q3 increase in 'fresh food' pattern score, women with T1D
Methodological detailsmulticentre
- Multicentre
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Pre-eclampsia, OR
0.37
95% CI 0.17, 0.78p=0.01
Premature birth, OR
0.35
95% CI 0.20, 0.62p<0.001
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 'Fresh food' dietary pattern, women withvs without T1DMore likely with T1D | 1.19 (1.07–1.31) | P = 0.001 | |
| 0.512Odds ratio (log scale) |
Birthweight with 'processed food' dietary pattern
- β coefficient
- 56.8 g (95% CI 2.8, 110.8; p=0.04)
Physical activity and outcomes
- Physical activity did not relate to outcomes
Original publication
Dietary patterns during pregnancy and maternal and birth outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes: the Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) study. Diabetologia. Published 2 September 2024. doi:10.
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