Evolution of islet autoantibodies in the Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) prospective cohort
Authors' conclusion
Persistent single ZnT8A, which are detected only by ELISA and no other test format, appear not to confer an increased risk of progression to type 1 diabetes.
Study context
- Population
- Children with a first-degree relative with T1D followed prospectively from pregnancy in the ENDIA cohort; islet autoantibodies measured every 3–6 months1,277 measured
- Participants
- 1,473 children
- Outcome
- Development of islet autoantibodies, including ZnT8A
Methodological detailspregnancy-birth at-risk cohort
- Pregnancy-birth at-risk cohort
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Development of islet autoantibodies
- Probability of persistent IAA by 2 years of age
- 0.02
- ZnT8A first islet autoantibody (alone or in combination) among 134/1473 children with persistent islet autoantibodies
- 43 (32%)
- ZnT8A progressing to multiple islet autoantibodies or T1D detected in younger children and in multiple assay formats
- p=0.006
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Maternal islet antibody transmission (901 pregnancies with T1D)
- Transmission of any islet antibody/autoantibody not related to islet autoantibody development in offspring
- χ2=3.32, df=2, p=0.19
- Maternal islet GADA detected until 15 months of age
Original publication
Evolution of islet autoantibodies in the Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) prospective cohort. Diabetologia. Published 11 December 2025. doi:10.
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