Comorbidity of Type 1 Diabetes and Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Longitudinal Cohort Study in Males and Females From the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry
Authors' conclusion
Mean national HbA1c decreased in Norway during the last decade, but continued to be higher in individuals with comorbid ADHD than in individuals with type 1 diabetes only.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals with T1D in the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry (NCDR), 2005–2022; general paediatric population of Norway for ADHD medication prevalence
- Participants
- 365 vs 5,888
- Exposure
- T1D with comorbid ADHD vs T1D only
- Comorbid ADHDn = 365
- T1D onlyn = 5,888reference
- Outcome
- Mean HbA1c, comorbid ADHD vs T1D only
- Follow-up
- 2016 to 2022
Methodological detailsregister linkage, linear mixed-effects models adjusted for age and diabetes duration, Part 1: Norwegian Prescription Database and NCDR–Norwegian Prescribed Drug Registry linkage, 2005–2019; Part 2: NCDR annual controls, 2005–2022
- Register linkage
- Linear mixed-effects models adjusted for age and diabetes duration
- Part 1: Norwegian Prescription Database and NCDR–Norwegian Prescribed Drug Registry linkage, 2005–2019; Part 2: NCDR annual controls, 2005–2022
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- Mean national HbA1c decreased from 2012 to 2022 but was higher with comorbid ADHD; difference significant from 2016 to 2022
- Comorbid ADHD vs T1D only: 67.6 mmol/mol [8.3%] vs 64.5 mmol/mol [8.1%]; significant
- Comorbid ADHD vs T1D only: 57.5 mmol/mol [7.4%] vs 54.7 mmol/mol [7.2%]; significant
- Linear mixed-effects models adjusted for age and diabetes duration
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Estimate | |
|---|---|---|
| ≥1 episode of DKAComorbid ADHDvs T1D only | OR 1.39 (95% CI 1.04–1.86) | |
| ≥1 episode of DKAComorbid ADHDvs T1D only | OR, males 1.65 (95% CI 1.15–2.36) | |
| ≥1 episode of DKAComorbid ADHDvs T1D only | OR, females 1.10 (95% CI 0.658–1.83) | |
| 0.512Ratio (log scale) |
Yearly prevalence of prescribed ADHD medications, NCDR vs general population · 2009-2019
- Higher in NCDR than general population by (percentage points)
- 0.02 to 0.52
- Difference significant only for 2017
Mean HbA1c by sex
- Differences remained significant in males (except 2018), but not in females
Original publication
Comorbidity of Type 1 Diabetes and ADHD: A Longitudinal Cohort Study in Males and Females From the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry. Pediatr Diabetes. Published 10 November 2025. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →