Association between metabolic syndrome and risk of cardiovascular disease among postmenopausal women: A cohort study
Main finding · Incident CVDResult — go to the resultHazard ratio 2.01 95% CI 1.64–2.46Authors' conclusion
Postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome have significantly higher risks of cardiovascular disease. In subgroup analyses, these findings were more pronounced among those with early menopause or elevated fasting blood glucose. In Conclusion, the findings underscore the importance of early detection of metabolic syndrome and targeted prevention strategies to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this high risk population.
Study context
- Population
- Postmenopausal women from the Kailuan cohort (initially 32,959 women)age-matched 1:2
- Participants
- 5,210 women
- Exposure
- MetS vs no MetS
- Outcome
- Incident CVD, including cerebrovascular disease and MI
- Follow-up
- Median 15.53 years
Methodological detailsage-matched 1:2, multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, stratified and sensitivity analyses
- Age-matched 1:2
- Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models
- Stratified and sensitivity analyses
Main finding
Incident CVD
Hazard ratio
2.01
95% CI 1.64–2.46
Events by group
MetS+
201
events
MetS-
197
events
As reported in the abstract
- Total incident CVD events
- 398
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Cerebrovascular disease
- Cerebrovascular disease, MetS association: HR
- 1.83 (95% CI 1.47-2.27)
- Fully adjusted
MI
- MI, MetS association: HR
- 3.28 (95% CI 1.97-5.46)
- Fully adjusted
CVD, subgroup with early menopause (<45 years)
- Association strongest in women with early menopause (<45 years): HR
- 3.86 (95% CI 1.29-11.53)
CVD, MetS excluding the glucose component
- Elevated fasting blood glucose appeared the largest contributor; excluding it reduced the MetS-CVD HR from 2.01 to
- 1.82 (95% CI 1.48-2.24)
Sensitivity analyses
- Results were robust in sensitivity analyses
Original publication
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