Type 1 diabetes and low carbohydrate diets—Defining the degree of nutritional ketosis
Authors' conclusion
Carbohydrate restricted diets, in particular VLCDs, are associated with a higher BOHB level. However, the degree of ketosis seen is much lower than we expected, and significantly lower than the level typically associated with diabetic ketoacidosis. This may suggest the risk of ketoacidosis is lower than feared, although safety will need to be evaluated further in large scale randomised trials.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with T1D with self-selected dietary carbohydrate restriction, enrolled from local clinics, compared with those on an unrestricted regular carbohydrate diet3-day diary
- Participants
- 6 / 6 / 3
- Exposure
- VLCD vs LCD vs regular carbohydrate control diet
- VLCDn = 6
- LCDn = 6
- Regular carbohydrate control diet (RCCD)n = 3reference
- Outcome
- Level of ketosis (beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration)
Methodological detailsreal-world
- Real-world
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Mean beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB)
Between VLCD and LCD: P = 0.02 · Between VLCD and RCCD: P = 0.02
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Type 1 diabetes and low carbohydrate diets—Defining the degree of nutritional ketosis. Diabet Med. Published 26 July 2023. doi:10.
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