Thyroid, Celiac, and Other Autoimmune Diseases and the Risk of Incident Type 1 Diabetes in Young Adulthood
Main finding · Incident T1DResult — go to the resultHazard ratio 2.19 95% CI 1.57–3.04Authors' conclusion
Autoimmune diseases in late adolescence were associated with an increased risk of T1D in adulthood in both sexes, especially among those with AITD and celiac disease.
Study context
- Population
- Israeli adolescents aged 16–19 years without a history of dysglycemia, evaluated before mandatory military service, January 1996–December 2016
- Participants
- 1,426,362 adolescents15,810,751 person-years
- Exposure
- Any autoimmune disease vs no autoimmunity
- Autoimmunityn = 38,766
- Outcome
- Incident adult-onset T1D
Methodological detailsnationwide, linked to Israeli National Diabetes Registry, Cox proportional hazards modeling
- Nationwide
- Linked to Israeli National Diabetes Registry
- Cox proportional hazards modeling
Main finding
Incident T1D
Hazard ratio
2.19
95% CI 1.57–3.04
Events by group
Autoimmunity
9.6 cases per 105 person-years
37 of 38,766
No autoimmunity
4.8 cases per 105 person-years
740 events
Autoimmunityvs No autoimmunity
HR 2.19 (95% CI 1.57–3.04)
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | HR | |
|---|---|---|
| Incident T1D with islet autoantibodies as mandatory case-definition criteria | 2.22 (95% CI 1.13–4.35) | |
| Incident T1D by autoimmune disease: AITD (n=10,333) and celiac disease (n=9,603)AITDvs No autoimmunity | 3.99 (CI 2.5–6.4) | |
| Incident T1D by autoimmune disease: AITD (n=10,333) and celiac disease (n=9,603)Celiac diseasevs No autoimmunity | 2.82 (CI 1.46–5.45) | |
| 0.10.31310Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Original publication
Thyroid, Celiac, and Other Autoimmune Diseases and the Risk of Incident Type 1 Diabetes in Young Adulthood. Diabetes Care. Published 15 October 2025. doi:10.
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