Family history of type 2 diabetes delays development of type 1 diabetes in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) children with islet autoimmunity
Authors' conclusion
Family history of diabetes is differentially associated with development of islet autoimmunity and progression to type 1 diabetes. The contribution made by familial, genetic and environmental factors to the two phases of the disease pathogenesis deserves distinct analyses.
Study context
- Population
- Children with high-risk HLA-DR-DQ genotype for T1D recruited as newborns in 2004–2010 at clinical centres in Finland, Germany, Sweden and the USA (TEDDY)FDR data 8558, SDR data 7479
- Participants
- 8,676 children
- Exposure
- Family history of diabetes and autoimmune diseases in FDRs and SDRs vs no such family history
- Outcome
- Development of islet autoimmunity and progression from autoimmunity to T1D
- Follow-up
- Data until 31 January 2016
Methodological detailsmulticentre, secondary analysis of the TEDDY study
- Multicentre
- Secondary analysis of the TEDDY study
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Hazard ratio (95% CI)P value
FDR with T1Dvs No such family historyrisk of islet autoimmunity; particularly if father or sibling had T1D
2.2(1.8–2.8)
P < 0.001SDR with T1Dvs No such family historyislet autoimmunity; participants with an FDR with T1D excluded
1.4(1.1–1.8)
P = 0.017SDR with T2Dvs No such family historyprogression from autoantibody positivity to T1D; significantly delayed
0.61(0.44–0.86)
P = 0.004- Persistent islet autoantibodies
- 669 children (45% female)
- T1D
- 233 children (46% female)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Family history of type 2 diabetes delays development of type 1 diabetes in TEDDY children with islet autoimmunity. Diabetologia. Published 8 December 2025. doi:10.
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