Systematic review and meta-analysis corrected for history of smoking tobacco identifies type 1 diabetes as a possible risk factor for bladder cancer
Pooled result · Bladder cancer occurrence (smoking-controlled)Result — go to the resultSummary estimate 4.29 95% CI 2.45–7.47Authors' conclusion
Thus, type 1 diabetes appears to be a strong risk factor for bladder cancer, and it seems likely that this association was previously obscured by strong negative confounding by smoking.
Study context
- Population
- Humans; published estimates of the association between T1D and incident bladder cancer9 studies
- Comparison
- T1D vs no T1D
- Outcome
- Incident bladder cancer
Methodological detailsmeta-regression to detect and quantify residual confounding by tobacco smoking, synthetic meta-analysis of smoking-controlled estimates
- Meta-regression to detect and quantify residual confounding by tobacco smoking
- Synthetic meta-analysis of smoking-controlled estimates
Pooled result
Bladder cancer occurrence (smoking-controlled)
Summary estimate
4.29
95% CI 2.45–7.47
As reported in the abstract
Further pooled results
Smoking confounding in included studies
- Studies not addressing confounding by smoking history
- 8 of 9
Original publication
Systematic review and meta-analysis corrected for history of smoking tobacco identifies type 1 diabetes as a possible risk factor for bladder cancer. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 30 October 2025. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →