Smoking, use of smokeless tobacco, HLA genotypes and incidence of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
Authors' conclusion
Our findings suggest that tobacco use increases the risk of LADA and that smoking acts synergistically with genetic susceptibility in the promotion of LADA.
Study context
- Population
- Swedish incident cases of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and T2D with 3036 controls; Norwegian prospective data with incident LADA and T2D during 1,696,503 person-yearsSwedish incident cases of LADA 593 · T2D 2,038 · T2D 3,726
- Comparison
- Smoking and snus use for risk of LADA and T2D
- Outcome
- Incidence of LADA
Methodological detailsSwedish case-control data (2010-2019), Norwegian prospective data (1984-2019)
- Swedish case-control data (2010-2019)
- Norwegian prospective data (1984-2019)
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
LADA risk
Odds ratio (95% CI)
Snus ≥15 box-yearsvs Never snus usecase-control data only
1.97(1.20–3.24)
- Current smoking vs Never smoking
- RRpooled 1.30 (95% CI 1.06–1.59)
Further pooled results
| Outcome | Estimate | |
|---|---|---|
| T2D riskCurrent smokingvs Never smoking | RR 1.38 (95% CI 1.28–1.49) | |
| T2D riskSnus ≥15 box-yearsvs Never snus use | OR 1.92 (95% CI 1.27–2.90) | |
| 0.20.5125Ratio (log scale) |
Interaction between smoking and HLA high-risk genotypes for LADA
- Attributable proportion due to interaction (attributable proportion (AP)) [95% CI 0.01, 0.53]
- 0.27
Mendelian randomisation: smoking and LADA/T2D
- Positive association between smoking and LADA/T2D confirmed by Mendelian randomisation (MR)
Original publication
Smoking, use of smokeless tobacco, HLA genotypes and incidence of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Diabetologia. Published 28 July 2022. doi:10.
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