Exposure to antibiotics and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and type 2 diabetes: results from a Swedish case–control study (ESTRID) and the Norwegian HUNT study
Main finding · LADA risk, one or more vs no dispensation of any antibioticResult — go to the resultPooled odds ratio 1.15 95% CI 0.93–1.41Authors' conclusion
We found no evidence that exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics up to 10 years prior to diagnosis increases the risk of LADA. There was some indication of increased LADA risk with exposure to narrow-spectrum antibiotics, which warrants further investigation.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) or T2D and matched controls from a Swedish case-control study (ESTRID: LADA n=597, T2D n=2065, controls n=2386) and a case-control study nested within the Norwegian HUNT study (n=82/1279/2050)
- Participants
- 597 / 2,065 / 2,386
- Comparison
- One or more vs no antibiotic dispensations
- LADAn = 597
- Type 2 diabetesn = 2,065
- Controln = 2,386reference
- Outcome
- Risk of LADA and T2D with exposure to antibiotics (dispensations per Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes)
Methodological detailsSwedish case-control study (ESTRID), case-control study nested within the Norwegian HUNT study, conditional logistic regression, pooled using fixed-effects inverse-variance weighting
- Swedish case-control study (ESTRID)
- Case-control study nested within the Norwegian HUNT study
- Conditional logistic regression
- Pooled using fixed-effects inverse-variance weighting
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
LADA risk, one or more vs no dispensation of any antibiotic · up to 1 year prior to diagnosis/matching
Pooled odds ratio
1.15
95% CI 0.93–1.41
One or more dispensationsvs No dispensation
pooled OR 1.15 (95% CI 0.93–1.41)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Pooled OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| LADA risk, one or morevs no dispensation of any antibiotic · 1-5 years prior to diagnosis/matching | 0.98 (0.80–1.20) | |
| LADA risk, one or morevs no dispensations of narrow-spectrum antibiotics · 6-10 years prior to LADA diagnosisDriven by the Swedish data | 1.39 (1.01–1.91) | |
| 0.512Pooled odds ratio (log scale) |
LADA risk, one or more vs no dispensations of narrow-spectrum antibiotics · 6-10 years prior to LADA diagnosis
- Increased risk not seen for broad-spectrum antibiotics
T2D risk with antibiotic exposure · 1-10 years prior to diagnosis
- Little evidence of an increased risk of T2D
Original publication
Exposure to antibiotics and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and type 2 diabetes: results from a Swedish case–control study (ESTRID) and the Norwegian HUNT study. Diabetologia. Published 28 October 2024. doi:10.
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