Autoimmune diseases and the risk and prognosis of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
Main finding · LADA risk with any ADResult — go to the resultOdds ratio 1.70 95% CI 1.36–2.13Authors' conclusion
We confirm that several common ADs confer an excess risk of LADA, especially LADA with higher GADA levels, but having such a comorbidity does not appear to affect the risk of diabetic retinopathy.
Study context
- Population
- Swedish study of newly diagnosed latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and T2D cases and matched controls; 33 autoimmune disease (ADs) and DR from regional and national registers
- Participants
- 586 / 2,003 / 2,355
- Comparison
- AD comorbidity vs none; LADA vs T2D
- LADAn = 586
- Type 2 diabetesn = 2,003
- Controlsn = 2,355reference
- Outcome
- Risk of LADA and T2D in relation to ADs before diabetes diagnosis
Methodological detailspopulation-based, matched controls, register linkage, functional pathway analyses
- Population-based
- Matched controls
- Register linkage
- Functional pathway analyses
Main finding
LADA risk with any AD · before diabetes diagnosis
Odds ratio
1.70
95% CI 1.36–2.13
ADvs No AD
OR 1.70 (95% CI 1.36–2.13)
As reported in the abstract
- LADA risk with thyroid dysfunction, OR
- 1.88 (95% CI 1.38, 2.56)
- LADA risk with inflammatory bowel disease, OR
- 1.78 (95% CI 1.00, 3.16)
- LADA risk with vitiligo, OR
- 3.91 (95% CI 1.93, 7.94)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| DR after diabetes diagnosisLADA with ADvs Type 2 diabetes | 2.11 (1.34–3.32) | |
| DR after diabetes diagnosisLADA without ADvs Type 2 diabetes | 1.68 (1.15–2.45) | |
| 0.20.5125Hazard ratio (log scale) |
T2D risk with ADs · before diabetes diagnosis
- Only psoriasis linked to T2D, OR
- 1.47 (95% CI 1.08, 1.99)
Shared biological pathways of LADA and ADs
- Shared pathways revolved around immune responses, including innate and adaptive immune pathways
Original publication
Autoimmune diseases and the risk and prognosis of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Diabetologia. Published 28 October 2024. doi:10.
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