Sustained Low Income, Income Changes, and Risk of All-Cause Mortality in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors' conclusion
Among Korean adults with T2D, sustained low-income status and declines in income were associated with increased risk of mortality.
Study context
- Population
- Korean adults aged ≥30 years with T2D, without CVD or cancer, enrolled 2009–2012 (Korean Health Insurance Service database)
- Participants
- 1,923,854 adults
- Exposure
- Sustained low income and income changes vs never low income
- Outcome
- All-cause mortality
- Follow-up
- Median 10.8 years
Methodological detailsCox proportional hazards models, adjusted for sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, diabetes duration and treatment
- Cox proportional hazards models
- Adjusted for sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, diabetes duration and treatment
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
Consecutive low incomevs Never low income
1.19(1.16–1.22)
Consecutive Medical Aidvs Never Medical Aid
2.26(2.16–2.36)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
All-cause mortality by age and sex subgroups
- Sustained low- and very-low-income status associated with increased mortality specifically in younger adults (<40 years) and males
Original publication
Sustained Low Income, Income Changes, and Risk of All-Cause Mortality in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. Diabetes Care. Published 11 November 2022. doi:10.
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