Association between smoking status and suicide mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based cohort study
Main finding · Suicide mortalityResult — go to the resultAdjusted hazard ratio 1.55 95 % CI 1.44–1.67Authors' conclusion
Current smoking was significantly associated with increased suicide mortality in patients with T2D, particularly among heavy smokers, women and those younger than 65 years. Long-term smoking history was also associated with elevated risk among ex-smokers.
Study context
- Population
- Adults aged ≥20 years with T2D who underwent national health examinations in 2015–2016, Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database
- Participants
- 2,524,769 adults
- Exposure
- Current smokers vs never-smokers
- Outcome
- Suicide mortality
- Follow-up
- 5.8 years mean
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Adjusted hazard ratio
1.55
95 % CI 1.44–1.67
Current smokersvs Never-smokers
aHR 1.55 (95 % CI 1.44–1.67)
- Suicide deaths
- 5,578
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Suicide mortality by smoking amount among current smokers (dose-response)
- Light smokers (<10 cigarettes/day), aHR [95% CI]
- 1.41 [1.22;1.63]
- Heavy smokers (≥20/day), aHR [95% CI]
- 1.66 [1.52;1.81]
- Dose-response pattern observed among current smokers
Suicide mortality in ex-smokers
- Only ex-smokers with smoking history ≥30 years had elevated risk, aHR [95% CI]
- 1.12 [1.02;1.24]
Suicide mortality, subgroup: women
- Association particularly strong in women, aHR [95% CI]
- 2.97 [2.39;3.69]
Suicide mortality, subgroup: aged <65 years
- Association particularly strong in individuals aged <65 years, aHR [95% CI]
- 1.76 [1.61;1.92]
Original publication
Association between smoking status and suicide mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Diabetes Metab. Published 26 July 2025. doi:10.
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