Association of Sustained Low or High Income and Income Changes With Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes Among Individuals Aged 30 to 64 Years
Authors' conclusion
This cohort study found that individuals who experienced sustained low-income status or an income decrease had elevated T2D risk, while those who had sustained high-income status or an income increase had lowered T2D risk.
Study context
- Population
- Adults aged 30 to 64 years without T2D, Korean Health Insurance Service database, enrolled 2012, followed to 2019; mean (SD) age 46.4 (9.3) years, 54.9% men
- Participants
- 7,821,227 adults
- Exposure
- Sustained low or high income and income changes vs stable income status
- Outcome
- Incident T2D (ICD codes E11 to E14, 1 or more claims of antidiabetic medication, or fasting glucose 126 mg/dL or higher)
- Follow-up
- Median , 6.3 years [IQR, 6.1-6.6 years]
Methodological detailsnationally representative sample, Korean Health Insurance Service database
- Nationally representative sample
- Korean Health Insurance Service database
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Incident T2D
Hazard ratio (95% CI)P value
Repeated low incomevs Never low/very low income22% higher T2D risk
1.22(1.21–1.23)
Repeated very low incomevs Never low/very low income57% higher T2D risk
1.57(1.53–1.62)
Repeated high incomevs Never high income
0.86(0.85–0.86)
≥2 income decreasesvs 0 income decreases
1.08(1.06–1.11)
P < 0.001 for trend- Developed T2D at least 1 year after enrollment (overall)
- 359 931 (4.6%)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Income quartile change between 2008 and 2012
- Income increase associated with lowered T2D risk, income decrease with elevated T2D risk, in each income quartile group
Original publication
Association of Sustained Low or High Income and Income Changes With Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes Among Individuals Aged 30 to 64 Years. JAMA Netw Open. Published 1 August 2023. doi:10.
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