Body Weight Change and Dementia Risk in Young and Middle‐Aged Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Depression: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors' conclusion
Marked BW change was associated with subsequent dementia risk in young and middle-aged adults with T2DM and depression.
Study context
- Population
- Adults aged 20–59 years with T2D and depression, Korean National Health Insurance Service database
- Participants
- 17,851 adults
- Exposure
- Body weight (BW) change categories vs stable BW
- Outcome
- Incident dementia
- Follow-up
- Median 10.3 years
Methodological detailsCox proportional hazards models, sensitivity analyses (competing risk of death, reverse causation, age dependency, depression burden, non-linearity)
- Cox proportional hazards models
- Sensitivity analyses (competing risk of death, reverse causation, age dependency, depression burden, non-linearity)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Each group vs −5% to +5%Hazard ratio (95% CI)
< −10%
1.53(1.01–2.32)
−10% to < −5%
1.69(1.35–2.11)
> +5% to < +10%
1.41(1.07–1.86)
≥ +10%
1.74(1.13–2.68)
- Participants developing dementia during 178 342.2 person-years
- 527 (2.96 per 1000 person-years)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Non-linearity of BW change–dementia association (restricted cubic spline)
- Non-linear association
- p for non-linearity = 0.0035
Sensitivity analyses
- Broadly consistent in analyses restricted to dementia before age 65, competing-risk analysis and participants aged 40-59 years
- Extreme BW loss and gain attenuated in the 3-year lag analysis
- Substantial BW loss attenuated after adjustment for depression-related claim frequency
Original publication
Body Weight Change and Dementia Risk in Young and Middle‐Aged Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Depression: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 27 September 2026. doi:10.
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