Gestational diabetes & diabetes in pregnancy
Social inequalities in gestational diabetes prevalence and complication burden: a nationwide Swedish cohort study
Authors' conclusion
Disparities in GDM prevalence across all three SDOH indicators underscore the importance of considering sociodemographic factors in prevention efforts.
Study context
- Population
- Singleton pregnancies in Sweden, nationwide registry data linked across multiple population-based registries
- Participants
- 938,798 singleton pregnancies
- Exposure
- GDM vs no GDM, with effect modification by region of birth, education and income
- Outcome
- Number of pregnancy, obstetric, postpartum and neonatal complications
Methodological detailsnationwide, registry-based
- Nationwide
- Registry-based
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Association of GDM with complications by social determinants of health (SDOH)
GDM vs No GDMOdds ratio (95% CI)
Obstetric complications, Swedish-born women
1.71(1.68–1.85)
Obstetric complications, women born in Africa
1.34(1.17–1.52)
Obstetric complications, women born in Eastern Mediterranean region
1.44(1.34–1.56)
- Education: GDM–pregnancy-related complications association varied, larger relative associations with lower education
- P for interaction = 0.029
- Education: GDM–obstetric complications association varied, larger relative associations with lower education
- P for interaction = 0.038
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
GDM prevalence · 2015-2023
- GDM prevalence increased from 1.5% to 6.6%, steepest increases among foreign-born origin, lower education and lower income
Original publication
Social inequalities in gestational diabetes prevalence and complication burden: a nationwide Swedish cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 7 September 2026. doi:10.
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