Physical frailty, genetic predisposition, and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors' conclusion
Frailty was associated with increased risk of T2DM, especially in individuals with higher number of morbidities and high genetic risk. Frailty may be an independent risk factor for T2DM and targeted strategies to prevent and manage frailty would contribute to reducing the risk of T2DM.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals in the UK Biobank
- Participants
- 429,022 individuals
- Exposure
- Prefrailty and frailty vs non-frailty
- Outcome
- Incident T2D
Methodological detailsUK Biobank, Cox regression
- UK Biobank
- Cox regression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Each group vs non-frailHazard ratio (95% CI)
Prefrail
1.42(1.38–1.47)
Frail
1.81(1.70–1.92)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Incident T2D by frailty and genetic riskFrail, high genetic riskvs Non-frail, low genetic risk | 4.54 (4.14–4.97) | |
| 0.20.5125Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Frailty components and incident T2D
- Weight loss, HR [95% CI]
- 1.21[1.17;1.26]
- Exhaustion, HR [95% CI]
- 1.35[1.30;1.40]
- Low physical activity, HR [95% CI]
- 1.31[1.26;1.37]
- Low grip strength, HR [95% CI]
- 1.27[1.20;1.33]
- Slow gait speed, HR [95% CI]
- 1.47[1.41;1.52]
Incident T2D in frail individuals with >3 morbidities
- Frail with more than three morbidities, HR [95% CI]
- 4.10[3.76;4.46]
Original publication
Physical frailty, genetic predisposition, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab. Published 1 February 2025. doi:10.
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