Phenotypic Heterogeneity of Diabetic Kidney Disease and Its Association With Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes: Evidence From a Chinese Multicentre Cohort
Authors' conclusion
Our findings show that DKD phenotypes defined by baseline eGFR and UACR were associated with distinct cardiovascular, kidney and mortality risks. Albuminuria remained an important prognostic marker even when eGFR was preserved, whereas the combination of low eGFR and high albuminuria identified the highest risk group.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) in the China Renal Data System (CRDS)
- Participants
- 14,367 adults
- Exposure
- DKD phenotypes defined by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)
- Outcome
- MACE, ESKD and all-cause mortality, and transitions among clinical states across DKD phenotypes
- Follow-up
- Median 2.1 years
Methodological detailsmulticentre, multi-state models
- Multicentre
- Multi-state models
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Transition-specific risks across DKD phenotypes
MACE
17.1%
Progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD)
7.0%
All-cause mortality
10.0%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Phenotypic Heterogeneity of Diabetic Kidney Disease and Its Association With Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes: Evidence From a Chinese Multicentre Cohort. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 17 August 2026. doi:10.
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