Modified criteria for identifying elevated bone mass
Authors' conclusion
Using the modified criteria for EBM, which exclude cases of osteoporosis and osteopenia, SEBM has a higher rate of comorbidities compared to MEBM. The presence of DISH, higher severity of LDD, increased BMI, and diabetes were identified as strong risk factor of SEBM.
Study context
- Population
- Adults aged ≥18 years with bone mineral density (BMD) data (complete Z- and T-scores at lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip), tertiary hospital, 2021–2023; prior lumbar spine surgery or hip arthroplasty excluded
- Participants
- 33,479 eligible participants
- Exposure
- Super EBM (SEBM) vs moderate EBM (MEBM)
- SEBMn = 205
- MEBMn = 1,267reference
- Outcome
- Prevalence of EBM (modified criteria)
Methodological detailssingle tertiary hospital
- Single tertiary hospital
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- Elevated bone mass (EBM) overall
- 1,472 (4.4%)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | P value |
|---|---|
| Sex and BMIHigher proportion of men and higher BMI with SEBM | P < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities (DISH, AS, LDD, diabetes)Higher prevalence with SEBM | P < 0.001 |
Predictors of SEBM (CHAID analysis)
- Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) strongest predictor of SEBM; severe lumbar degenerative disease (LDD), increased body mass index (BMI) and diabetes contributing factors
Correlations between BMI, T-scores and Z-scores
- Different correlation trends in SEBM and MEBM
Original publication
Modified criteria for identifying elevated bone mass. Osteoporos Int. Published 6 June 2025. doi:10.
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