Long-Term Patterns in Automated Insulin Delivery and Carbohydrate Announcement: A 24-Month Follow-Up
Authors' conclusion
The modest change in TIR suggests sustained effectiveness of automated insulin delivery despite decreasing carbohydrate reporting-likely reflecting adaptive user behavior.
Study context
- Population
- Control-IQ users, single centre, October 2021–October 2024; 57% women, mean age 37 years
- Participants
- 2,751 person-quarters
- Outcome
- Auto-bolus percentage (automatic correction boluses divided by total boluses) and its trend
- Follow-up
- 24 months
Methodological detailssingle-centre, mixed-effects linear models
- Single-centre
- Mixed-effects linear models
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Auto-bolus percentage
Mean auto-bolus percentage
61%
Increase in auto-bolus percentage per quarter
0.4%
P < 0.001
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Daily carbohydrate announcement (DCA)
- DCA declined
- from 132 to 100 g/day
Time in range (TIR)
- TIR slightly decreased
- from 61% to 58%
Associations of auto-bolus percentage
- Auto-bolus percentage inversely associated with age, TIR and DCA; DCA association strengthening over time
Original publication
Long-Term Patterns in Automated Insulin Delivery and Carbohydrate Announcement: A 24-Month Follow-Up. Diabetes Technol Ther. Published 23 July 2025. doi:10.
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