Gestational diabetes & diabetes in pregnancy
Intake of Energy Drinks Before and During Pregnancy and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors' conclusion
In this study, energy drink intake before pregnancy was associated with an elevated risk of gestational hypertension. Given the low prevalence of energy drink intake and low consumption levels among users, the results should be interpreted cautiously.
Study context
- Population
- Women in the Nurses' Health Study 3 (NHS3) and the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS) who reported ≥1 singleton pregnancy, 2011–2019
- Participants
- 4,736 women7,304 pregnancies
- Exposure
- Energy drink consumers vs nonconsumers
- Outcome
- Self-reported adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) (pregnancy loss, GDM, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, preterm birth) and composite APO (any of the APOs)
Methodological detailsData analyzed October 1, 2021, to September 28, 2023
- Data analyzed October 1, 2021, to September 28, 2023
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
APOs by prepregnancy energy drink use
- Pregnancy loss, OR
- 0.89 (0.71-1.11) (95% CI)
- Preterm birth, OR
- 1.07 (0.71-1.61) (95% CI)
- GDM, OR
- 0.89 (0.58-1.35) (95% CI)
- Preeclampsia, OR
- 0.73 (0.41-1.30) (95% CI)
- Composite APO, OR
- 1.05 (0.87-1.26) (95% CI)
- Prepregnancy energy drink use and gestational hypertension, OR
- 1.60 (1.12-2.29) (95% CI)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Any APO by energy drink intake during pregnancy (NHS3)No associations with any APO | 0.86 (0.41–1.79) | |
| 0.512Odds ratio (log scale) |
- Any APO by energy drink intake during pregnancy (NHS3): 4559 pregnancies in 4559 participants
Interaction of age and prepregnancy energy drink intake for hypertensive disorders
- Gestational hypertension
- P = 0.02 for interaction
- Any hypertensive disorders
- P = 0.04 for interaction
- Stronger associations for participants above the median age
Original publication
Intake of Energy Drinks Before and During Pregnancy and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. JAMA Netw Open. Published 1 November 2023. doi:10.
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