Inflammation and abnormal glucose-lipid metabolism are critical for population stratification toward progressive frailty in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic syndrome
Authors' conclusion
RCII, TyG, and their cumulative values are independent risk factors for frailty progression, with a synergistic effect on risk stratification, especially in the early stages of CKM. Cumulative biomarker monitoring in early CKM stages, coupled with proactive, multi-modal interventions, may enable precise population stratification and prevent frailty progression.
Study context
- Population
- Participants of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study across Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome stages
- Participants
- 5,790 participants
- Exposure
- Higher vs lower triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and remnant cholesterol inflammatory index (RCII)
- Outcome
- Frailty progression (frailty index)
- Follow-up
- 7 years
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Frailty progression · 7 years
Adjusted hazard ratio (95 % CI)
Higher TyG index
1.18(1.08–1.29)
Higher RCII
1.24(1.13–1.35)
- Developed frailty
- 2,012
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
- Associations particularly in early CKM stages
- Cumulative RCII and TyG linked to frailty risk in persistently advanced CKM stages and those progressing to advanced stages
Original publication
Inflammation and abnormal glucose-lipid metabolism are critical for population stratification toward progressive frailty in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 7 November 2025. doi:10.
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