GLP ‐1, GIP , and Glucagon Excursions During a Mixed Meal Tolerance Test in Young and Lean South Asians Versus Europids
Authors' conclusion
In contrast to a monophasic glucose response to the MMTT of Europids, South Asians tended to exhibit a biphasic glucose response, with sex-specific hormonal patterns, suggesting altered incretin and insulin dynamics despite similar postprandial lipid excursions.
Study context
- Population
- Young, lean South Asian and Europid males and females undergoing an mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT)
- Participants
- 49 participants
- Comparison
- South Asians vs Europids
- South Asiann = 24
- Europidn = 25reference
- Outcome
- Meal-induced excursion of incretin hormones (GLP-1 and GIP) and glucagon
- Follow-up
- Up to 240 min
Methodological detailsextended mixed meal tolerance test (up to 240 min)
- Extended mixed meal tolerance test (up to 240 min)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Postprandial glucose, insulin, glucagon and incretin excursions
- Europids generally exhibited a single glucose peak at t = 30 min
- South Asians tended to display a biphasic glucose response, peaks at t = 30 and t = 90 min
- South Asian males: increased insulin response, elevated levels at the corresponding glucose peaks
- South Asian females: marked drop in circulating glucagon at t = 90 min, and biphasic excursions of total and active GLP-1 and GIP (t = 30 and t = 120 min)
Further findings
Postprandial lipid excursions
- Did not differ between ethnicities
Original publication
GLP ‐1, GIP , and Glucagon Excursions During a Mixed Meal Tolerance Test in Young and Lean South Asians Versus Europids. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 15 April 2026. doi:10.
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