Examining out-of-pocket health expenditures of individuals with Type 1 diabetes: The case of Türkiye
Authors' conclusion
Individuals with Type 1 diabetes incur significant expenses to manage their diabetes, and these expenses have serious destructive effects.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals with T1D living in Turkey
- Participants
- 279 individuals
- Outcome
- Out-of-pocket expenses of T1D
Methodological detailsconvenience sampling, online survey (Google Forms)
- Convenience sampling
- Online survey (Google Forms)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Out-of-pocket expenses (insulin costs not included)
- Total out-of-pocket expenses per month
- $339.94
- Total out-of-pocket expenses per year
- $4079.28
- Monthly consumables
- $205.84
- Monthly hospital
- $113.90
- Monthly healthy living
- $82.62
- Monthly other
- $41.24
- Monthly transportation
- $33.14
- Average share of income spent on managing T1D
- 30.4%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Glycaemic control and monitoring
- Average HbA1c
- 7.61
- Blood sugar measured more than four times a day
Original publication
Examining out-of-pocket health expenditures of individuals with Type 1 diabetes: The case of Türkiye. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 7 July 2025. doi:10.
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