Exploring perceived barriers to physical activity among individuals with type 1 diabetes in the era of new technologies: An analysis from the BETTER registry
Authors' conclusion
Fear of hypoglycemia remains the main barrier to physical activity for PwT1D. Technological advances alone are not sufficient to reduce perceived barriers to physical activity, highlighting the need for complementary educational and behavioral interventions.
Study context
- Population
- BETTER registry participants with T1D aged >14 years who completed the BAPAD1 questionnaire
- Participants
- 1,117 participants
- Exposure
- Barriers to physical activity across insulin therapy and glucose monitoring modalities (multiple daily injections (MDI) without continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), MDI with CGM, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with CGM, AID)
- Outcome
- Perceived barriers to physical activity (BAPAD1 item score ≥5 defined as a barrier)
Methodological detailsregistry-based (BETTER registry)
- Registry-based (BETTER registry)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Perceived barriers to physical activity
- Main perceived barrier was fear of hypoglycemia
- BAPAD1 scores were similar across all subgroups
- More individuals in the AID group perceived fear of hypoglycemia and loss of control over diabetes as barriers
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Factors associated with higher BAPAD1 score
- Female sex, low income or education level, overweight or obesity, medication for depression, younger diabetes, higher HbA1c, microvascular complications and lack of confidence in managing hypoglycemia were associated with higher BAPAD1 score
Original publication
Exploring perceived barriers to physical activity among individuals with type 1 diabetes in the era of new technologies: An analysis from the BETTER registry. Diabetes Metab. Published 6 July 2025. doi:10.
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