Effect of Gluten‐Free Diet on Metabolic Control and Growth Parameters Among Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes During the First Year After Diagnosis of Celiac Disease: A Retrospective Case–Control Study
Authors' conclusion
Children and adolescents with T1DM had lower insulin requirements and growth parameters at diagnosis of celiac disease. Villous atrophy at diagnostic small bowel biopsies was associated with worsening glycemic control after 1 year.
Study context
- Population
- Children and adolescents aged <18 years with T1D, pediatric diabetes clinic, Sohag University Hospital, Egypt; celiac diagnosis January 2017–December 20212 matched controls per case
- Exposure
- T1D with celiac disease on gluten-free diet (GFD) vs matched T1D controls without celiac disease
- Celiac diseasen = 47
- Outcome
- Metabolic control (insulin dose, HbA1c) and growth parameters
- Follow-up
- First year after diagnosis of celiac disease
Methodological detailssingle-centre, age-, sex- and diabetes duration-matched (2 controls per case), Data obtained from medical records
- Single-centre
- Age-, sex- and diabetes duration-matched (2 controls per case)
- Data obtained from medical records
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Metabolic control and growth · at diagnosis and after 1 year
- Significantly lower weight, height and body mass index (BMI) SDS with celiac disease at diagnosis and after 1 year
- No significant differences in fasting lipid profiles at diagnosis or after 1 year
- Celiac disease vs Controls: P = 0.002
- Celiac disease vs Controls: P = 0.27
- Celiac disease vs Controls: 0.81
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
HbA1c after 1 year by villous atrophy at diagnosis
- Significantly higher HbA1c after 1 year with villous atrophy at diagnosis
- P = 0.04
Growth in patients with normalized celiac autoantibodies · 1 year
- No significant improvements in weight, height and BMI SDS after 1 year even with normalized celiac autoantibodies
Original publication
Effect of Gluten‐Free Diet on Metabolic Control and Growth Parameters Among Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes During the First Year After Diagnosis of Celiac Disease: A Retrospective Case–Control Study. Pediatr Diabetes. Published 4 July 2025. doi:10.
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