Disparities in GLP-1 and GIP responses to small intestinal glucose infusion in individuals with well- and poorly-controlled type 2 diabetes
Authors' conclusion
Poor glycaemic control in T2D is associated with a greater GIP, and lower GLP-1, response to small intestinal glucose, independent of intestinal glucose absorption. However, differences in GLP-1 may be influenced by age, sex and BMI, so should be interpreted cautiously and validated in larger cohorts.
Study context
- Population
- Diet-controlled participants with T2D receiving intraduodenal infusion of 30 g glucose with 3 g 3-OMG over 30 min
- Participants
- 24 participants
- Comparison
- Poorly-controlled vs well-controlled T2D
- Poorly-controlledn = 12
- Well-controlledn = 12reference
- Outcome
- GLP-1 and GIP responses to intraduodenal glucose infusion
Methodological detailsintraduodenal glucose infusion, 3-OMG as marker of intestinal glucose absorption, blood glucose clamped by IV insulin
- Intraduodenal glucose infusion
- 3-OMG as marker of intestinal glucose absorption
- Blood glucose clamped by IV insulin
Further findings
GIP iAUC0-60min · 0–60 min · greater GIP response with Poorly-controlled
P = 0.02 for time*group interaction
GLP-1 iAUC0-60min · 0–60 min · lower GLP-1 response with Poorly-controlled
P = 0.007 for time*group interaction
| Outcome | P value |
|---|---|
| GIP iAUC0-60min · 0–60 minTrend for higher iAUC with Poorly-controlled | P = 0.12 unadjusted; P = 0.09 adjusted for age, sex and BMI |
| GLP-1 iAUC0-60min · 0–60 min | P = 0.01 |
- GLP-1 iAUC0-60min: lower with Poorly-controlled; non-significant after adjustment for age, sex and BMI
Basal hormones, C-peptide and 3-OMG responses
- Basal hormone concentrations were comparable between groups
- C-peptide and 3-OMG responses were comparable
Original publication
Disparities in GLP-1 and GIP responses to small intestinal glucose infusion in individuals with well- and poorly-controlled type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 1 April 2026. doi:10.
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