Differential impact of lifestyle factors on 2-hour glucose values in individuals with type 2 diabetes: potential for more personalized interventions
Authors' conclusion
Carbohydrate intake, sleep and physical activity at specific points in time have both fixed as well as individualized effects on glucose concentrations 2 hours later in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Interindividual differences in glycemic response to lifestyle components call for personalized advice in the management of type 2 diabetes.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with T2D treated with lifestyle advice and/or metformin, tracking physical activity, sleep and dietary intake with CGM for 11 periods of 4 consecutive days
- Participants
- 38 adults
- Outcome
- Effect of sleep, stress, current glucose, carbohydrate intake and exercise on glucose levels 2 hours later
- Follow-up
- 2 hours later
Methodological detailsCGM with lifestyle tracking, linear mixed-effects model
- CGM with lifestyle tracking
- Linear mixed-effects model
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Determinants of glucose concentration 2 hours later
- Significant fixed effects: carbohydrate intake (g) in past 5 min and past 30 min, sleep duration previous night (h), physical activity (metabolic equivalents) over past 12 h
- Random (individualized) effects: carbohydrate intake in past 5 and 30 min; physical activity in past and future 30 min
- Carbohydrate intake increased glucose 2 h later in all individuals, with magnitude varying between individuals
- Effect of physical activity on glucose 2 h later varied among individuals in magnitude and direction (increase or decline)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Differential impact of lifestyle factors on 2-hour glucose values in individuals with type 2 diabetes: potential for more personalized interventions. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. Published 24 December 2024. doi:10.
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