Gestational diabetes & diabetes in pregnancy
Differences in association between gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes according to pre-pregnancy body mass index categories and gestational diabetes mellitus status: findings from a large Japanese cohort
Authors' conclusion
The impact of GWG on perinatal outcomes differed according to the BMI category and GDM status. These findings support the need to take into account both factors when developing GWG recommendations to minimize the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.
Study context
- Population
- Japanese pregnant women by body mass index (BMI) category (underweight <18.5, normal 18.5–24.9, overweight 25.0–29.9, obese ≥30.0 kg/m²)
- Participants
- 53,183 vs 734,028
- Exposure
- Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) vs normal glucose tolerance (NGT), across pre-pregnancy BMI categories
- GDMn = 53,183
- NGTn = 734,028reference
- Outcome
- Interaction effects of BMI category and GDM status on association of gestational weight gain (GWG) with perinatal outcomes (birth weight, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm delivery, mode of delivery, composite outcome)
Methodological detailslarge Japanese cohort, generalized linear models with logit link
- Large Japanese cohort
- Generalized linear models with logit link
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- Significant interaction effects for all outcomes (likelihood ratio test)
- all p<0.05
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Predicted probability of large-for-gestational-age newborns, gestational weight gain (GWG) 5-6 kg to 15-16 kg, normal BMI
- Increase with NGT (from 4.9% to 14.9%)
- 10.0%
- Increase with GDM (from 6.3% to 21.8%)
- 15.6%
Predicted probability of large-for-gestational-age newborns, GWG 5-6 kg to 15-16 kg, obese
- Increase with NGT (from 17.6% to 32.0%)
- 14.4%
- Increase with GDM (from 23.5% to 46.6%)
- 23.1%
Original publication
Differences in association between gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes according to pre-pregnancy body mass index categories and gestational diabetes mellitus status: findings from a large Japanese cohort. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. Published 22 April 2026. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →