Diabetes-Related Distress and Glycemic Dysregulation in Everyday Life With Type 1 Diabetes: Which Comes First?
Authors' conclusion
Findings support the validity of EMA of DD in adults with T1D and suggest glucose dysregulation is linked to subsequent increased DD over the short term, not vice versa. These findings have implications for interventions targeting DD.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with T1D; median ± SD age 40 ± 14 years; 54% women; 41% Latino, 29% White, 15% Black
- Participants
- 182 adults
- Outcome
- Within-person lagged effects of CGM metrics (mean glucose, TIR 70-180 mg/dL, time 181-250, >250 and <70 mg/dL, CV) over 3-h periods on DD rated 0-100, and of DD on subsequent CGM metrics
- Follow-up
- End of 3-h interval and 3 h later
Methodological detailsecological momentary assessment paired with blinded continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), multilevel cross-lagged modeling, Blinded CGM worn for 14 days; five to six ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys per day
- Ecological momentary assessment paired with blinded CGM
- Multilevel cross-lagged modeling
- Blinded CGM worn for 14 days; five to six EMA surveys per day
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Lagged effects of CGM metrics on DD and of DD on CGM metrics
- Higher mean glucose, less TIR, greater % time 181-250 and >250 mg/dL, and higher CV over 3 h each predicted greater DD at end of that interval
- P < 0.05
- Higher 3-h mean glucose also predicted more DD 3 h later
- P < 0.05
- Greater DD unexpectedly predicted lower % time in hypoglycemia over next 3 h
- P < 0.05
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Validity of momentary DD ratings
- Momentary DD ratings significantly associated with questionnaires for DD, well-being, functional and mental health, and quality of life
Original publication
Diabetes-Related Distress and Glycemic Dysregulation in Everyday Life With Type 1 Diabetes: Which Comes First? Diabetes Care. Published 24 June 2025. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →