Symptoms of Autonomic Nervous System Dysregulation and Diabetes Distress in Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors' conclusion
These findings demonstrate a relationship between ANS reactivity and DDS in T1D and T2D samples.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with T1D or T2D completing internet surveys (Body Perception Questionnaire (BPQ), DDS-T1/DDS-17, GAD-7, PHQ-8)
- Participants
- 556 vs 299
- Exposure
- T1D vs T2D
- T1Dn = 556
- T2Dn = 299
- Outcome
- Association of ANS dysregulation symptoms (BPQ) with diabetes distress
Methodological detailsinternet surveys, two samples (T1D study 1; T2D study 2)
- Internet surveys
- Two samples (T1D study 1; T2D study 2)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Association of diabetes distress severity with BPQ ANS symptom T scores
- Controlling for covariates, severity of DDS-T1/DDS-17 significantly predicted elevations in ANS symptom T scores on all subscales; "high" DDS had the highest BPQ scores
- P ≤ 0.05 for all
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Diabetes distress score, study 1 (T1D; DDS-T1)
- Mean DDS-T1 score (moderate severity)
- 2.3 (SD 0.8)
BPQ supradiaphragmatic reactivity T score, study 1 (T1D)
- Mean T score
- 48.9 (SD 8.4)
BPQ subdiaphragmatic reactivity T score, study 1 (T1D)
- Mean T score
- 50.6 (SD 8.9)
Diabetes distress score, study 2 (T2D; DDS-17)
- Mean DDS-17 score (moderate severity)
- 2.3 (SD 1.0)
BPQ reactivity T scores, study 2 (T2D)
- Mean supradiaphragmatic T score
- 49.9 (SD 9.4)
- Mean subdiaphragmatic T score
- 52.0 (SD 8.8)
Original publication
Symptoms of Autonomic Nervous System Dysregulation and Diabetes Distress in Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. Published 31 March 2025. doi:10.
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