Uncovering distinct predictors of diabetes distress and depressive symptoms in a longitudinal survival analysis of incidence and remission: indication for diverging aetiological paths
Authors' conclusion
Suboptimal glycaemic outcomes predicted both diabetes distress and depression; however, diabetes distress was associated with anxiety disorders, whereas depressive symptoms were linked to prior depression and eating disorders, hinting at distinct aetiologies.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals with T1D and T2D
- Participants
- 654 individuals
- Outcome
- Incidence and remission of diabetes distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire 8), and their predictors
- Follow-up
- 24 months
Methodological detailssurvival analysis, Cox proportional hazards models, assessments every 6 months over 24 months
- Survival analysis
- Cox proportional hazards models
- Assessments every 6 months over 24 months
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Course and predictors of diabetes distress and depressive symptoms
- Diabetes distress: cumulative incidence
- 21%
- Diabetes distress: remission rate
- 70%
- Depressive symptoms: cumulative 24-month incidence
- 33%
- Depressive symptoms: remission
- 67%
- Median onset time, diabetes distress
- 18 months
- Median onset time, depressive symptoms
- 24 months
- Median remission time, both
- 6 months
- Diabetes distress incidence: higher HbA1c
- HR=1.02, p=0.022
- Diabetes distress incidence: male gender
- HR=0.55, p=0.043
- Diabetes distress incidence: long-term complications
- HR=2.11, p=0.009
- Diabetes distress incidence: history of anxiety disorders
- HR=2.57, p=0.029
- Depressive symptoms incidence: higher HbA1c
- HR=1.03, p<0.001
- Depressive symptoms incidence: prior depression
- HR=2.63, p=0.001
- Depressive symptoms incidence: eating disorders
- HR=2.20, p=0.044
- Depressive symptoms remission: older age (only significant predictor)
- HR=1.02, p=0.045
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Uncovering distinct predictors of diabetes distress and depressive symptoms in a longitudinal survival analysis of incidence and remission: indication for diverging aetiological paths. Diabetologia. Published 22 January 2026. doi:10.
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