Does Emotional Distress Predict Worse Glycemic Control Over Time? Results From the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE)
Authors' conclusion
The current findings suggest that, at least for individuals with diabetes of relatively short duration, baseline levels of emotional distress are not associated with glycemic control over time.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals with T2DM in GRADE (metformin plus one of four glucose-lowering medications); 56% non-Hispanic White, 68% male, mean age 58.0 years, diabetes duration 4.2 years, HbA1c 7.5%
- Participants
- 1,739 individuals
- Comparison
- Baseline depressive symptoms and diabetes distress and subsequent glycaemic control
- Primary endpoint
- HbA1c ≥7%, subsequently confirmed
Methodological detailsDepressive symptoms measured with the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire; diabetes distress measured with the Diabetes Distress Scale; separate Cox proportional hazards models
- Depressive symptoms measured with the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire; diabetes distress measured with the Diabetes Distress Scale; separate Cox proportional hazards models
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
HbA1c ≥7%, confirmed
Participants reaching the primary outcome
1,157
Mean time to event
2.1 years
Secondary outcomes
HbA1c >7.5%, confirmed
- Participants reaching the secondary outcome
- 738
- Mean time to event
- 3 years
- No significant association of depressive symptoms or diabetes distress with risk of the secondary outcome
Original publication
Does Emotional Distress Predict Worse Glycemic Control Over Time? Results From the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE). Diabetes Care. Published 22 January 2024. doi:10.
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