Thyroid disease

Determining Thyroid Biopsy Appropriateness: A Retrospective Study Integrating Clinical Context and Ultrasound Features

J Clin Endocrinol MetabPublished Cross-sectional study

Authors' conclusion

This study underscores the value of integrating US findings with clinical context to guide thyroid biopsy decisions and enhance patient-centered care.

Study context

Population
Adults undergoing first thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, Jan 2016–Dec 2023, University of Florida, ultrasound (US)481 biopsies
Participants
441 adults
Outcome
Appropriateness of thyroid biopsy by a tiered framework incorporating US features and clinical factors
Methodological detailsretrospective, single academic center, 899 patients evaluated
  • Retrospective
  • Single academic center
  • 899 patients evaluated

Main finding

As reported in the abstract

Biopsy appropriateness

Likely appropriate (L-APP) by ACR TI-RADS criteria

388 of 481

80.7%

Reclassified from likely inappropriate to L-APP by clinical factors

34 of 481

7%

Reclassified from L-APP to possibly or extremely inappropriate due to limited life expectancy

50 of 481

10%

Extremely inappropriate (EXT-INAP) biopsies

0.8%

4/481

Observational data: associations, not effects.

Original publication

Determining Thyroid Biopsy Appropriateness: A Retrospective Study Integrating Clinical Context and Ultrasound Features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 24 October 2025. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf577

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