Dermal Glucose Sensing has a Shorter Time Lag Relative to Blood Glucose: Implications for Hypoglycemia Detection and Time in Range
Authors' conclusion
Dermal sensing has a time lag close to 0. Individuals with DM can have lower glucose targets with a system that eliminates fear of hypoglycemia, resulting in higher TIR and better control of DM.
Study context
- Population
- Subjects with T1D at two US-based clinical centers
- Participants
- 55 subjects
- Comparison
- Dermal continuous glucose monitors (CGM) vs commercial CGMs
- Outcome
- Sensor time lag (τ) vs YSI-glucose analyzer
Methodological detailstwo US-based clinical centers, YSI-glucose analyzer reference, two-compartment model, in silico proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller (UVA type 1 diabetes simulator)
- Two US-based clinical centers
- YSI-glucose analyzer reference
- Two-compartment model
- In silico PID controller (UVA type 1 diabetes simulator)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Time lag (τ)
| Group | Value | Sensors with τ of 0-2 minutes | Varying distribution of τ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dermal CGM (Laxmi) | 93% | 93% | |
| Commercial CGMs | −10 to 10+ minutes |
Value
Dermal CGM (Laxmi)93%
Commercial CGMs— not stated in the abstract
Sensors with τ of 0-2 minutes
Dermal CGM (Laxmi)93%
Commercial CGMs— not stated in the abstract
Varying distribution of τ
Dermal CGM (Laxmi)— not stated in the abstract
Commercial CGMs−10 to 10+ minutes
- Reduction in τ
- 10 minutes
Further findings
Effect of τ on time in range (TIR) (in silico PID controller, UVA type 1 diabetes simulator)
- τ greatly affects TIR and the distribution of the time out of range parameters
- Reduction in τ has profound effects on errors in insulin administration in open-loop and PID model of automated insulin delivery (AID)
Original publication
Dermal Glucose Sensing has a Shorter Time Lag Relative to Blood Glucose: Implications for Hypoglycemia Detection and Time in Range. J Diabetes Sci Technol. Published 8 December 2025. doi:10.
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