Continuous glucose monitoring-derived time in range is associated with changes in arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes
Authors' conclusion
TIR was significantly associated with longitudinal changes in arterial stiffness in participants with type 2 diabetes, independent of HbA1c.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with T2D and no history of symptomatic CVD, with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measured at baseline, 104 and/or 260 weeks
- Participants
- 348 adults
- Exposure
- Higher vs lower baseline time in range (TIR)
- Outcome
- Longitudinal change in brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) by baseline CGM metrics (TIR, CV) and HbA1c
- Follow-up
- 260 weeks
Methodological detailsexploratory, multicenter, observational, mixed-effects models for repeated measures, adjusted for conventional atherosclerotic risk factors
- Exploratory
- Multicenter
- Observational
- Mixed-effects models for repeated measures
- Adjusted for conventional atherosclerotic risk factors
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Change over time in baPWV, higher vs lower TIR
- Change over time in baPWV differed between higher and lower TIR groups
- Between Higher TIR and Lower TIR: P = 0.013 for group × time interaction
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Change in baPWV from baseline (whole cohort) · 104 and 260 weeks
- Median change at 104 weeks
- 60.1 cm/s (95% CI: 34.6 to 85.6)
- Median change at 260 weeks
- 130.3 cm/s (95% CI: 98.6 to 162.1); p < 0.001
Baseline coefficient of variation (CV), other continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics and HbA1c
- Not associated with longitudinal changes in baPWV
Original publication
Continuous glucose monitoring-derived time in range is associated with changes in arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 30 June 2026. doi:10.
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