Clinical risk phenotypes in diabetes and their associations with adverse cardiovascular events: A report from the Silesia Diabetes‐Heart Project
Authors' conclusion
People with diabetes aggregate into different clinical phenotypes, each with different risks of MACEs. Integrated approaches tailored to these diverse clinical profiles are needed to improve outcomes in this heterogeneous and multifaceted disease.
Study context
- Population
- People with diabetes in a prospective Polish registry; median age 60 years (IQR 45–69), 51.3% men
- Participants
- 2,109 people
- Exposure
- Clinical phenotype clusters
- Outcome
- Risk of MACE:
- CV death
- Acute coronary syndrome and myocardial revascularizations
- Ischaemic stroke
- New onset HF
- Hospitalization for CV reasons
Methodological detailshierarchical cluster analysis based on 19 variables
- Hierarchical cluster analysis based on 19 variables
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
MACE
Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)
Cluster 2vs Cluster 1
2.93(1.60–5.36)
Cluster 3vs Cluster 1
1.85(1.07–3.20)
Cluster 1vs Cluster 3
0.54(0.31–0.94)
Cluster 2vs Cluster 3
1.58(1.08–2.33)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Clinical risk phenotypes in diabetes and their associations with adverse cardiovascular events: A report from the Silesia Diabetes‐Heart Project. Diabet Med. Published 18 September 2025. doi:10.
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