Associations of grip strength and muscle mass with incident complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study
Authors' conclusion
Lower grip strength is associated with an increased risk of a wide range of incident diabetes-related complications, and its predictive value is superior to that of muscle mass.
Study context
- Population
- Participants with T2D free of complications at baseline, UK Biobank
- Participants
- 10,844 participants
- Exposure
- Low vs high grip strength; low vs high muscle mass
- Outcome
- Risk of 12 incident complications
- Follow-up
- Median 13.2 years
Methodological detailsUK Biobank, sex-specific tertiles, Cox proportional hazards models
- UK Biobank
- Sex-specific tertiles
- Cox proportional hazards models
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Incident complications by grip strength
Estimate (95% CI)
Low grip strengthvs High grip strength
HR, coronary artery disease 1.23(1.10–1.37)
Low grip strengthvs High grip strength
HR, HF 1.35(1.13–1.60)
Low grip strengthvs High grip strength
HR, peripheral arterial disease 1.33(1.03–1.73)
Low grip strengthvs High grip strength
HR, dementia 1.54(1.09–2.16)
Low grip strengthvs High grip strength
HR, DKD 1.39(1.21–1.58)
Low grip strengthvs High grip strength
HR, DPN 1.57(1.25–1.96)
Low grip strengthvs High grip strength
HR, DR 1.26(1.09–1.46)
Low grip strengthvs High grip strength
HR, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 1.57(1.29–1.90)
Low grip strengthvs High grip strength
HR, MASLD 1.43(1.13–1.82)
Low grip strengthvs High grip strength
HR, osteoporosis 1.84(1.37–2.47)
Low muscle massvs High muscle massonly complication associated with low muscle mass
HR, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 1.40(1.11–1.76)
- Incident complications recorded
- 11,373
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Grip strength × sex interaction, coronary artery disease
- Significant interaction; inverse association of grip strength with coronary artery disease stronger in women than in men
Original publication
Associations of grip strength and muscle mass with incident complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 19 May 2026. doi:10.
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