Associations of Co-Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals with Sex Steroid Hormones among Children Aged 6–19 Years
Authors' conclusion
Co-exposure to PAHs and HMs was associated with sex hormone levels in children. These findings highlight the necessity for preventing the effects of these chemicals on sex hormones.
Study context
- Population
- Children aged 6–19 years, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2016
- Participants
- 1,167 children
- Exposure
- Co-exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals vs sex steroid hormone levels
- Outcome
- Sex hormone indicators: TT, E2, SHBG, FAI and TT/E2 ratio
Methodological detailsNHANES 2013–2016, weighted multivariate linear regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR)
- NHANES 2013–2016
- Weighted multivariate linear regression
- Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression
- Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Co-exposure to PAHs and heavy metals (HMs) and sex hormones
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) reduction in prepubertal males (WQS; 95% CI [−0.321, −0.004]); Cadmium (Cd) highest weight
16.2%
E2 reduction in pubertal males (WQS; 95% CI [−0.30, −0.03]); Hg highest weight
16%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Associations of Co-Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals with Sex Steroid Hormones among Children Aged 6–19 Years. Horm Res Paediatr. Published 12 October 2024. doi:10.
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