Associations of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) in Midreproductive Years with Bone Mineral Density and Turnover Markers in Midlife
Authors' conclusion
Lower AMH during midreproductive years is associated with lower BMD and higher bone turnover 14 years later. Ovarian reserve during midreproductive years may be a valuable predictor of long-term bone health.
Study context
- Population
- Parous women (71% White) in a US longitudinal cohort; AMH measured 2003–2006 (mean age 37.0 years, SD 5.1), bone mineral density (BMD) 2017–2021 (mean age 51.0 years, SD 5.1)
- Participants
- 450 parous women
- Exposure
- AMH <1.0 ng/mL vs AMH >3.5 ng/mL in midreproductive years
- Outcome
- BMD (spine, hip, femoral neck; DXA)
- Follow-up
- ∼14 years
Methodological detailslongitudinal, US cohort
- Longitudinal
- US cohort
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
BMD (g/cm²) · follow-up (∼14 years)
Beta (spine BMD)
−.06 g/cm²
95% CI −0.10 to −0.02
AMH <1.0 ng/mL
Beta (hip BMD)
−.05 g/cm²
95% CI −0.08 to −0.02
AMH <1.0 ng/mL
Beta (femoral neck BMD)
−.03 g/cm²
95% CI −0.06 to 0.00
AMH <1.0 ng/mL
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Secondary outcomes
| Outcome | Estimate |
|---|---|
| Bone turnover markers (PINP, CTX-I) · follow-upAMH <1.0 ng/mL vs AMH >3.5 ng/mL · linear regression adjusted for demographics and lifestyle | beta (PINP) .36 SD (95% CI 0.10–0.63) |
| Bone turnover markers (PINP, CTX-I) · follow-upAMH <1.0 ng/mL vs AMH >3.5 ng/mL · linear regression adjusted for demographics and lifestyle | beta (CTX-I) .34 SD (95% CI 0.07–0.60) |
Effect modification by menopausal status
- AMH–spine BMD association more pronounced among postmenopausal women; associations with bone turnover markers more pronounced among women not yet menopausal
Mediation
- AMH–BMD associations primarily mediated by menopausal status at follow-up
Original publication
Associations of AMH in Midreproductive Years with Bone Mineral Density and Turnover Markers in Midlife. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 17 October 2024. doi:10.
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