Gestational diabetes & diabetes in pregnancy
Association between Urinary Copper and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Epigenome-Wide DNA Methylation and Proteomics
Main finding · GDM risk per 1-unit increase in log-transformed urinary copperResult — go to the resultAdjusted odds ratio 1.48 95% CI 1.15–1.91Authors' conclusion
Copper exposure may induce alterations in DNA methylation patterns, which can subsequently lead to changes in the expression of proteins associated with GDM and elevate the risk of developing GDM.
Study context
- Population
- Pregnant women in the Tongji-Huaxi-Shuangliu Birth Cohort; urinary copper and genome-wide DNA methylation measured in early pregnancyproteins in subset of 150
- Participants
- 432 women
- Comparison
- Urinary copper levels in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk
- Outcome
- GDM
Methodological detailsbased on the Tongji-Huaxi-Shuangliu Birth Cohort, epigenome-wide DNA methylation, proteomics
- Based on the Tongji-Huaxi-Shuangliu Birth Cohort
- Epigenome-wide DNA methylation
- Proteomics
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
GDM risk per 1-unit increase in log-transformed urinary copper
Adjusted odds ratio
1.48
95% CI 1.15–1.91
Urinary copper (per 1-unit increase in log-transformed levels)
aOR 1.48 (95% CI 1.15–1.91)
Per 1-unit increase in log-transformed levels, as printed
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Differential cytosine-phosphoguanine sites (CpGs) associated with copper
- Differential CpGs identified as associated with copper
- 73
Mediation by DNA methylation
- cg23773809 (SNX10) mediated copper-GDM association
- 24.7%
- cg23773809 (SNX10) mediated copper-1-h PG association
- 22.4%
- cg04168577 (PPFIBP2) mediated copper-1-h PG association
- 23.4%
- cg06105935 (intergenic) mediated copper-1-h PG association
- 13.9%
Proteomics
- 73 differential CpGs mediated copper-CD2AP association
- 64.1%
- CD2AP was a reliable predictor for GDM
Original publication
Association between Urinary Copper and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Epigenome-Wide DNA Methylation and Proteomics. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 6 October 2025. doi:10.
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