Association between total and animal proteins with risk of fracture: A systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors' conclusion
We obtained a lower risk of any or hip fracture with greater total protein (per 100 g/day) and fish (per 15 g/day) intake. No evidence was obtained that higher intake of dairy could decrease risk of fracture.
Study context
- Population
- General adults in cohort studies (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science searched until July 2023); serious to moderate risk of bias
- Participants
- 780,322 adults20 cohort studies
- Comparison
- Higher vs lower intake of total protein, animal protein, dairy and fish
- Outcome
- Incidence of all fractures
Methodological detailsrandom effects analysis
- Random effects analysis
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
All fracture risk, per increment of intake
Relative risk (95% CI)
Total proteinper 100 g/day; 43% decreased incidence
0.57(0.36–0.93)
Fishper 15 g/day; 5% decreased incidence
0.95(0.91–0.99)
Each row per its own increment, as printed
Further pooled results
- Lower hip fracture risk per 100 g/day total protein
- 48%
- Lower hip fracture risk per 100 g/day animal protein
- 50%
- Lower hip fracture risk per 15 g/day fish
- 5%
Original publication
Association between total and animal proteins with risk of fracture: A systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Osteoporos Int. Published 19 October 2023. doi:10.
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