Association between famine exposure and type 2 diabetes mellitus over the last three decades: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors' conclusion
Thus, famine exposure is consistently associated with increased risk of T2DM, particularly with prolonged or severe exposure and among women.
Study context
- Population
- Observational studies published 1995–2025 assessing famine exposure across developmental stages and T2D risk (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library)40 studies
- Comparison
- Famine exposure vs no exposure
- Outcome
- T2D risk
Methodological detailsNewcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment, subgroup analyses, meta-regression, sensitivity analyses
- Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment
- Subgroup analyses
- Meta-regression
- Sensitivity analyses
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
T2D risk with famine exposure
Famine exposure associated with 43 % higher risk of T2D
43 %
95 % CI: 1.30–1.56
Heterogeneity I2
96.7 %
Further pooled results
Studies published 2016–2025
- Pooled risk increase
- 47 %
Longer famine duration
- RR
- 1.79
Females
- RR
- 1.52
Famine severity and fetal-stage exposure
- Higher famine severity and fetal-stage exposures indicated greater susceptibility
Original publication
Association between famine exposure and type 2 diabetes mellitus over the last three decades: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 30 April 2026. doi:10.
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