Gestational diabetes & diabetes in pregnancy
Adolescent Cardiovascular Risk Trajectories and Later-Life Maternal Morbidity
Authors' conclusion
In this cohort study, the incidence of GD was higher among those with poor CVH in adolescence and young adulthood. Achieving optimal CVH in adolescence may reduce the risk of GD in adulthood.
Study context
- Population
- Female participants interviewed in 1994–1996 (ages 11–19 years), 2001–2002 (ages 18–26 years) and 2016–2018 (ages 34–43 years), without juvenile-onset diabetes or hypertension, with reported birth data; median age 16 years
- Participants
- 1,094 participants
- Exposure
- Poor or intermediate vs optimal adolescent cardiovascular health (CVH)
- Outcome
- Self-reported history of GD or hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP)
- Follow-up
- Between survey waves 3 and 5
Methodological detailsNational Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health, log-binomial regression, weighted to population-level estimates
- National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health
- Log-binomial regression
- Weighted to population-level estimates
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Future GD (adolescent CVH)
Each group vs optimal CVHAdjusted relative risk (95% CI)
Poor CVH
2.01(0.96–4.24)
Intermediate CVH
1.04(0.53–2.07)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Adjusted RR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Future HDP (adolescent CVH)Poor CVHvs Optimal CVH | 1.22 (0.74–2.01) | |
| Future HDP (adolescent CVH)Intermediate CVHvs Optimal CVH | 1.43 (0.93–2.21) | |
| 0.512Adjusted relative risk (log scale) |
Incidence of GD by CVH during adolescence and young adulthood
- Incidence of gestational diabetes (GD) by CVH during adolescence and young adulthood — GD incidence, poor adolescent CVH with optimal CVH in young adulthood
- 24.9%
- Incidence of GD by CVH during adolescence and young adulthood — GD incidence, poor adolescent CVH with intermediate CVH in young adulthood
- 14.7%
Original publication
Adolescent Cardiovascular Risk Trajectories and Later-Life Maternal Morbidity. JAMA Netw Open. Published 1 October 2025. doi:10.
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